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The efficacy of an internet-based CBT intervention for child anxiety disorders.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approach to the treatment of child anxiety disorders. METHODS: Seventy-three children with anxiety disorders, aged 7-12 years, and their parents were randomly assigned to either an Internet-based CBT (NET) or wait-list (WL) condition. Clinical diagnostic assessment and parent and child questionnaires were completed before and after treatment. The NET condition was reassessed at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: At posttreatment assessment, children in the NET condition showed small but significantly greater reductions in anxiety symptoms and increases in functioning than WL participants. These improvements were enhanced during the 6-month follow-up period, with 75% of NET children free of their primary diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Internet delivery of CBT for child anxiety offers promise as a way of increasing access to treatment for this population. Future research is needed to examine ways to increase treatment compliance and further enhance the impact of treatment.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Jun;34(5):474-87. March S, Spence SH, Donovan CL. School of Psychology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia. s.march@psy.uq.edu.au
When looked at as a part of the theories of Sigmund Freud, the ego is part of a psychic apparatus, which also includes the id in the super-ego. Together the ego, id, and super-ego can be explained as personality, instinct, and critical self-awareness. However, for this article I'm going to regard the ego has been your personality and self-awareness.
Exploring the concept of ego can involve many competing philosophies. It would suffice at this point to regard the ego as a collection of values, beliefs, and attitudes. When I hear someone say that they do something or think a certain way as...
At its most basic level, human sexuality involved in instinctual drive to sustain our race. Therefore, for the most part we are sexually attracted to those people with whom we can mate and produce the healthiest offspring. Furthermore, a person is more sexually attractive if we instinctually believe that they are capable of fulfilling their role as either a nurturer for or provider. Even though this may seem to be reducing human sexuality to the animal level, in all actuality that is exactly what it means.
A person who perceives in need to improve their sexuality most likely does not...
Why worry about the things that we can’t control? But we do. Our superior brain allows us to anticipate. This is often to our advantage as it allows us to plan ahead and adapt to what we think may happen. However, when our imagination is out of control, this same tool will cause us misery. At that point it often needlessly activates our fight-flight mechanism. This in turn makes us unhappy and can eventually damage our immune system.
Unlike others, people who excessively worry have learned this behavior over time. It could even have been caused by a family member or friend who...